Errors in variables and spatial effects in hedonic house price models of ambient air quality

03/15/08

Errors in variables and spatial effects in hedonic house price models of ambient air quality

Abstract: In the valuation of the effect of improved air quality through the estimation of hedonic models of house prices, the potential “errors in variables” aspect of the interpolated air pollution measures is often ignored. In this paper, Luc Anselin and Nancy Lozano-Gracia assess the extent to which this may affect the resulting empirical estimates for marginal willingness to pay (MWTP), using an extensive sample of over 100,000 individual house sales for 1999 in the South Coast Air Quality Management District of Southern California. The authors take an explicit spatial econometric perspective and account for spatial dependence and endogeneity using recently developed Spatial 2SLS estimation methods. They also account for both spatial autocorrelation and heteroskedasticity in the error terms, using the Kelejian–Prucha HAC estimator. Our results are consistent across different spatial weights matrices and different kernel functions and suggest that the bias from ignoring the endogeneity in interpolated values may be substantial.

Keywords: Spatial econometrics, Hedonic models, HAC estimation, Endogeneity, Air quality, valuation, Real estate markets

by Luc Anselin 1 and Nancy Lozano-Gracia 1 and 2
1. School of Geographical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-0104, USA; Email: luc.anselin@asu.edu
2. Spatial Analysis Laboratory (SAL) and Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Email: lozano@uiuc.edu

Empirical Economics via Physica Verlag, An Imprint of Springer-Verlag GmbH www.SpringerLink.com
Volume 34, Number 1; February, 2008; Pages 5-34
DOI: 10.1007/s00181-007-0152-3
http://www.springerlink.com/content/5289x15u2263102u/

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Environmental Valuation & Cost Benefit News covers legal, academic, and regulatory developments pertaining to the valuation of environmental amenities and disamenities, such as clean air, trees, parks, congestion, and noise. We apprise the reader about ways in which costs and benefits are measured, and the results of empirical studies. We hope that this information will allow public and private organizations to comprehend the risks and benefits of various actions, help disputants to resolve conflicts equitably and efficiently, and improve the quality of public policies. We will only discuss issues related to the empirical quantification of private and social costs and benefits and damages, and summarize information from daily newspapers, academic journals, legal publications, court decisions, professional newsletters commissioned studies, and on-line services. This newsletter is dedicated to the principal that all policies place values upon life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. We believe that more information, explicit specification of assumptions, and rigorous analysis can help our society to better meet these ends. This site will increasingly serve, in conjunction with others, as a valuation database. We will include a wide range of studies, including non-environmental reports, because omission of a factor effectively values it at zero, and biases decisions. Heavy traffic has caused several site crashes. We are attempting to correct these problems. Apologies for any inconvenience.

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